Depression

All people feel sadness or grief sometimes. These feelings are normal. Sad feelings fade with time. But, depression can cause the same feelings for months or years. It is the leading disability in the U.S. for people 15 to 44 years old. It affects nearly 15 million Americans*.

Depression is a serious health issue that can happen to anyone. This includes men, women, teens, older adults. But, it affects twice as many women as men. 

There are many signs of depression. Most often, people who are affected feel very sad. They also no longer care about the hobbies they used to enjoy.

Other signs may be:

• Changes in eating patterns or weight without a change in diet
• Sleeping more or less than normal
• Tiredness and low energy levels
• Feeling restless or easily bothered
• Feeling worthless or guilty
• Problems focusing or making choices
• Thinking about or trying to kill yourself
• Feeling hopeless
• Worrying

There are different types of depression. These may be:

• Postpartum: Many new mothers may get the "baby blues. But, some will get postpartum depression. This is a much more serious illness. They have many hormonal and physical changes after birth. They also have more to do to take care of a new baby. They may have a hard time getting used to these changes. Women who have these feelings need care and support.
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Some women may have a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is caused by hormonal changes. These changes may occur when a woman ovulates and before her period starts.
• Some women are more likely to be depressed due to hormonal changes later in life.
• Seasonal: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) happens during the winter, when there is less sunlight. The illness most often lifts during the spring and summer.
• Teenage: Depression in the teen years comes at a time of great change. Boys and girls are forming their own identities. They are also dealing with sex issues and making choices on their own. It often happens with other disorders. These include anxiety, eating disorders or drug or alcohol abuse. It can also lead to a higher chance of suicide.

 There is no single known cause of depression. Several causes may be:

• Brain chemistry: People with depression often have different chemical levels in their brains than those without it.
• Family history: Some types of depression run in families. But, people can have it without a family history.
• Health causes or brain injury: Certain health problems, such as a brain tumor or a brain injury, can cause depression.
• Biological clock: Less sunlight in the fall and winter may upset your body's inner clock. This may lead to feelings of depression.
• Melatonin levels: Season changes can upset the balance of the natural hormone melatonin. This hormone affects mood and sleep patterns. 

Depression is treatable and is best caught early. It can be treated with antidepressants and psychotherapy ("talk therapy"). SAD may be treated with light therapy to help lessen symptoms. Your doctor may also suggest changes in diet, exercise and ways to lessen stress. It may take time to find the right drugs and therapy to see results. Be sure to tell your doctor how you're feeling and be open to other types of care to find the one that works for you.

If you're worried about feeling sad, talk to your doctor. They will do an exam and may prescribe medicine or other treatments.